The Book of Fixed Stars (10th-century Persian astronomy)

The Book of Fixed Stars (in Arabic, كتاب صور الكواكب, kitāb suwar al-kawākib) is a key astronomical text written and illustrated by the Persian scholar ʿAbd al-Rahman al-Sūfī around the year 964. Al-Sūfī had a copy of Ptolemy's Almagest, the ancient Greek world's major catalog of stars and treatise on astronomical movements, which had recently been translated into Arabic. But al-Sūfī noticed a number of errors Ptolemy had made, and the Greek system of constellations did not match up with the one Arabic astronomers had evolved. The Book of Fixed Stars listed 132 stars that Ptolemy hadn't found and featured a richer system for describing stars' magnitude.

Al-Sūfī's original book has not survived, but we have multiple copies made by later astronomers in the centuries that followed. This embedding uses a copy made by the 15th-century Muslim astronomer Ulugh Beg, whose own Zīj-i Sulṭānī was The Book of Fixed Stars' successor as the premier catalog of stars. It's based on 30 images of constellations, cooked for a total of 300 steps on base SD 1.5: 16 vectors per token, a 0.004 learning rate, a batch size of 6, and 5 gradient steps.

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