A view of a large room with many computers and monitors

Operating System Architecture Kernel It is the core of the operating system Responsible for managing system resources It has two modes of operation: User mode: restricted access to system resources Kernel mode: full access to system resources Operating system layers Divide system functionalities into modules Facilitate system development and maintenance Examples of layers: Process Management Memory Management Input and output device management Monolithic Operating Systems The entire operating system runs in kernel mode All functionality is in a single executable Example: Linux Microkernel Operating Systems Only the most basic features are in kernel mode The other functionalities run as user-mode processes Example: QNX Hybrid Operating Systems Combine aspects of monolithic systems and microkernels Some functionality runs in kernel mode and others in user mode Example: Windows NT Virtualization Allows a single piece of hardware to run multiple operating systems Each operating system runs in a virtual machine Examples of virtualization solutions: VMware VirtualBox Hyper-V --auto --s2

(nsfw:1.5),verybadimagenegative_v1.3, ng_deepnegative_v1_75t, (ugly face:0.8),cross-eyed,sketches, (worst quality:2), (low quality:2), (normal quality:2), lowres, normal quality, ((monochrome)), ((grayscale)), skin spots, acnes, skin blemishes, bad anatomy, DeepNegative, facing away, tilted head, {Multiple people}, lowres, bad anatomy, bad hands, text, error, missing fingers, extra digit, fewer digits, cropped, worstquality, low quality, normal quality, jpegartifacts, signature, watermark, username, blurry, bad feet, cropped, poorly drawn hands, poorly drawn face, mutation, deformed, worst quality, low quality, normal quality, jpeg artifacts, signature, watermark, extra fingers, fewer digits, extra limbs, extra arms,extra legs, malformed limbs, fused fingers, too many fingers, long neck, cross-eyed,mutated hands, polar lowres, bad body, bad proportions, gross proportions, text, error, missing fingers, missing arms, missing legs, extra digit, extra arms, extra leg, extra foot, ((repeating hair))