A close up of a painting of a man with a crown on his head

The word 'illumination' is often associated with miniature, an Italian term derived from the Latin miniare, which means to paint with minium, a pigment of red color (which may correspond to cinnabar, that is, to the natural sulfide of mercury[3] or, according to other sources, to lead oxide). A miniature designates, in a broad sense, the representation of a scene or a character in a space independent of the initial (capitular) letter of the manuscript. [4] The term was semantically influenced by the notion of 'small dimension', expressed in Latin as minor, óris, minus ("smaller") and minìmum ("small quantity"). The art of the barbarian peoples, who conquered the West and converted to Christianity, was portable, based on small objects. Thus, according to Houaiss, the term spread through French and English in the sixteenth century, with predominance of the meaning "representation in small dimensions".

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