Painting of a river running through a desert with a man on a horse

This was the first of the Ten Plagues of Egypt recorded in the biblical Book of Exodus. God instructed Moses to meet with Pharaoh and warn him that if he did not let the Israelite slaves leave Egypt, God would send plagues upon the land. When Pharaoh refused, Moses struck the waters of the Nile river and canals with his staff, and they turned to blood. All the fish died and the water became undrinkable. The plague lasted for 7 days. The Egyptian magicians were able to mimic this plague by their secret arts, so Pharaoh's heart remained hardened and he still refused to let the Israelites go. The sudden onset of this ecological disaster, turning the vital water source of the Nile to blood, was a powerful demonstration of the God of Israel's power over the Egyptian gods and natural world. It forced the Egyptians to dig for water and made life very difficult. Despite this, Pharaoh refused to relent, leading to subsequent plagues including frogs, lice/gnats, flies, livestock death, boils, hail, locusts, darkness and the killing of firstborn sons. Eventually Pharaoh allowed the Israelites to leave after the final plague.

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