At the beginning of the 21st century, Jakarta, Indonesia capital city

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At the beginning of the 21st century, Jakarta, Indonesia capital city, has become the center of the country's economic and political activities. However, behind the splendor and density of this city, a major threat has been lurking for a long time: Jakarta is slowly sinking. This phenomenon is not just a figment of the imagination, but rather the result of a combination of interrelated factors that worsen over time.. **1. Excess Groundwater Absorption:** One of the main causes of Jakarta's sinking is excessive groundwater extraction.. Because the supply of clean water from the government is not sufficient to meet the needs of the population., Many residents and companies take water directly from the ground using drilled wells.. Every liter of water taken from the earth causes the soil layer to become more fragile and empty, which ultimately results in the lowering of the land surface. In some areas, Jakarta is even sinking up to 25 cm per year. **2. Uncontrolled Urbanization:** Jakarta has experienced a significant population explosion over the past few decades.. With more than 10 million people living in this city, need for housing, Infrastructure, and public services improved rapidly. This uncontrolled urbanization has led to development on land that should be water catchment areas.. When heavy rain or flooding occurs, water has no place to flow, thus worsening flooding and accelerating the process of land subsidence.. **3. Global Climate Change:** Climate change also has a significant impact on the future of Jakarta. Global warming causes the ice at the poles to melt, which ultimately raises sea levels worldwide. Jakarta, most of which are in the lowlands and close to the sea, very vulnerable to this sea level rise. Even, some parts of the north of the city are already below sea level and are protected only by increasingly fragile levees.. **4. Geological Conditions and Tectonic Plates:** Apart from human and climate factors, k

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