Araffe standing in front of a truck with a cow in the background

In the fall, the people would gradually shift to their wintering areas. The men would prepare the buffalo jumps and pounds for capturing or driving the bison for hunting. Several groups of people might join at particularly good sites, such as Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump. As the buffalo were naturally driven into the area by the gradual late summer drying off of the open grasslands, the Blackfoot would carry out great communal buffalo kills.

The women processed the buffalo, preparing dried meat, and combining it for nutrition and flavor with dried fruits into pemmican, to last them through winter and other times when hunting was poor. At the end of the fall, the Blackfoot would move to their winter camps. The women worked the buffalo and other game skins for clothing, as well as to reinforce their dwellings; other elements were used to make warm fur robes, leggings, cords and other needed items. Animal sinews were used to tie arrow points and lances to throwing sticks, or for bridles for horses.

The Niitsitapi maintained this traditional way of life based on hunting bison, until the near extirpation of the bison by 1881 forced them to adapt their ways of life in response to the encroachment of the European settlers and their descendants. In the United States, they were restricted to land assigned in the Fort Laramie Treaty of 1851. Nearly three decades later, they were given a distinct reservation in the Sweetgrass Hills Treaty of 1887. In 1877, the Canadian Niitsitapi signed Treaty 7 and settled on reserves in southern Alberta.

This began a period of great struggle and economic hardship; the Niitsitapi had to try to adapt to a completely new way of life. They suffered a high rate of fatalities when exposed to Eurasian diseases, for which they had no natural immunity.

In the fall , the people would gradually shift to their wintering areas . The men would prepare the buffalo jumps and pounds for capturing or driving the bison for hunting . Several groups of people might join at particularly good sites , such as Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump . As the buffalo were naturally driven into the area by the gradual late summer drying off of the open grasslands , the Blackfoot would carry out great communal buffalo kills . The women processed the buffalo , preparing dried meat , and combining it for nutrition and flavor with dried fruits into pemmican , to last them through winter and other times when hunting was poor . At the end of the fall , the Blackfoot would move to their winter camps . The women worked the buffalo and other game skins for clothing , as well as to reinforce their dwellings ; other elements were used to make warm fur robes , leggings , cords and other needed items . Animal sinews were used to tie arrow points and lances to throwing sticks , or for bridles for horses . The Niitsitapi maintained this traditional way of life based on hunting bison , until the near extirpation of the bison by 1881 forced them to adapt their ways of life in response to the encroachment of the European settlers and their descendants . In the United States , they were restricted to land assigned in the Fort Laramie Treaty of 1851 . Nearly three decades later , they were given a distinct reservation in the Sweetgrass Hills Treaty of 1887 . In 1877 , the Canadian Niitsitapi signed Treaty 7 and settled on reserves in southern Alberta . This began a period of great struggle and economic hardship ; the Niitsitapi had to try to adapt to a completely new way of life . They suffered a high rate of fatalities when exposed to Eurasian diseases , for which they had no natural immunity .

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Jul 8, 2024

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