The First Crusade (1096-1099) was summoned by Pope Urban II in 1095

The First Crusade (1096-1099) was summoned by Pope Urban II in 1095, during the Council of Clermont, to recover Jerusalem and the holy territories from Muslim control. Driven by religious motives and promises of indulgence, thousands of Europeans, including nobles and peasants, left for the Middle East. After crossing Europe and meeting in Constantinople,, the crusaders won important victories, such as the Siege of Nicaea and the Battle of Dorilea. In 1098, after a long siege, captured Antioch. Finally, in July 1099, took Jerusalem after a brutal siege, establishing several crusader states in the region. The First Crusade marcou o início de um período prolongado de conflitos religiosos e influenciou profundamente as relações entre cristãos e muçulmanos, in addition to strengthening the power of the Catholic Church.

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