Photosynthesis: A Physiological and Chemical View Photosynthesis is a vital proc

photosynthesis: A Physiological and Chemical View Photosynthesis is a vital process that occurs in plants, algae and certain bacteria, allowing the transformation of solar energy into chemical energy that can be used for the growth and survival of these organisms. This process is essential for maintaining life on Earth, as it provides oxygen and forms the basis of food chains. Aspectos Fisiológicos da photosynthesis Fisiologicamente, photosynthesis occurs mainly in plant leaves, specifically in chloroplasts, which are organelles specialized in capturing light. These cells contain pigments, chlorophyll being the most important, responsible for absorbing sunlight. Leaf structure is adapted to maximize photosynthesis efficiency. Leaves have a large surface to capture light and stomata that regulate gas exchange, allowing carbon dioxide to enter (CO₂) and oxygen output (O₂). Furthermore, water necessária para a fotossíntese é absorvida pelas raízes e transportada através do xilema até as células fotossintéticas. Aspectos Químicos da photosynthesis Quimicamente, photosynthesis can be divided into two main phases: the light phase (or light-dependent reactions) and the dark phase (or Calvin cycle). Fase Clara Nthe light phase, What happens in the membranes, two thylakoids, and two chloroplasts?, Sunlight is absorbed by chlorophyll and other pigments associated with two protein complexes called photosystems (Photosystem II and Photosystem I). Light energy is used to excite electrons, which are then transported through an electron transport chain. This transport generates a proton gradient that is used to produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate) through photophosphorylation. Simultaneously, water (H₂O) is oxidized, releasing molecular oxygen (O₂). Dark Phase (Calvin cycle) The dark phase, or Calvin cycle, occurs in the stroma of chloroplasts. Here, o ATP

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