Here is a step-by-step explanation of the process of phagocytosis

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Here is a step-by-step explanation of the process of phagocytosis., which is one of the main functions of the innate immune system to eliminate pathogens such as bacteria, viruses and other microorganisms: ### Step 1: **Pathogen Recognition** - **Cell Involved**: Mainly macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells. - **Description**: - The phagocytic cell recognizes the pathogen through receptors on its surface, such as Toll-like receptors (TLR) or specific receptors for opsonins (C3b, ANTIBODIES). - These receptors identify molecular patterns associated with pathogens (PAMPs) present on the surface of the microorganism, as lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in gram-negative bacteria. ### Step 2: **Accession** - **Description**: - After recognition, The phagocytic cell adheres firmly to the pathogen. Este proceso puede estar facilitado por opsoninas como ANTIBODIES (IgG) or fragments of the complement (C3b) that cover the pathogen and increase its "Visibility" for phagocytes. ### Step 3: **Ingestion** - **Description**: - The plasma membrane of the phagocytic cell extends around the pathogen, enclosing it and forming a vesicle called *phagosome*. This process is called invagination.. - El phagosome es una estructura interna que contiene el patógeno encerrado dentro de la célula fagocítica. ### Step 4: **Phagolysosome Formation** - **Description**: - El phagosome se fusiona con un lisosoma, a gallbladder rich in digestive enzymes (proteases, lipases, nucleasas) and reactive molecules such as hydrogen peroxide. - This fusion forms a new structure called *phagolysosome*. ### Step 5: **Degradation and Digestion** - **Description**: - Dentro del phagolysosome, lysosomal enzymes and reactive oxygen species (ros) attack and break down the pathogen into its basic components. - This process destroys the microorganism and converts it into smaller fragments that can be easily digested.

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Here is a step-by-step explanation of the process of phagocytosis ., which is one of the main functions of the innate immune system to eliminate pathogens such as bacteria , viruses and other microorganisms: ### Step 1: **Pathogen Recognition** - **Cell Involved**: Mainly macrophages , neutrophils , and dendritic cells . - **Description**: - The phagocytic cell recognizes the pathogen through receptors on its surface , such as Toll-like receptors (TLR) or specific receptors for opsonins (C3b , ANTIBODIES) . - These receptors identify molecular patterns associated with pathogens (PAMPs) present on the surface of the microorganism , as lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in gram-negative bacteria . ### Step 2: **Accession** - **Description**: - After recognition , The phagocytic cell adheres firmly to the pathogen . Este proceso puede estar facilitado por opsoninas como ANTIBODIES (IgG) or fragments of the complement (C3b) that cover the pathogen and increase its "Visibility" for phagocytes . ### Step 3: **Ingestion** - **Description**: - The plasma membrane of the phagocytic cell extends around the pathogen , enclosing it and forming a vesicle called *phagosome* . This process is called invagination .. - El phagosome es una estructura interna que contiene el patógeno encerrado dentro de la célula fagocítica . ### Step 4: **Phagolysosome Formation** - **Description**: - El phagosome se fusiona con un lisosoma , a gallbladder rich in digestive enzymes (proteases , lipases , nucleasas) and reactive molecules such as hydrogen peroxide . - This fusion forms a new structure called *phagolysosome* . ### Step 5: **Degradation and Digestion** - **Description**: - Dentro del phagolysosome , lysosomal enzymes and reactive oxygen species (ros) attack and break down the pathogen into its basic components . - This process destroys the microorganism and converts it into smaller fragments that can be easily digested .

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Here is a step-by-step explanation of the process of phagocytosis., which is one of the main functions of the innate immune system to eliminate pathogens such as bacteria, viruses and other microorganisms: ### Step 1: **Pathogen Recognition** - **Cell Involved**: Mainly macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells. - **Description**: - The phagocytic cell recognizes the pathogen through receptors on its surface, such as Toll-like receptors (TLR) or specific receptors for opsonins (C3b, ANTIBODIES). - These receptors identify molecular patterns associated with pathogens (PAMPs) present on the surface of the microorganism, as lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in gram-negative bacteria. ### Step 2: **Accession** - **Description**: - After recognition, The phagocytic cell adheres firmly to the pathogen. Este proceso puede estar facilitado por opsoninas como ANTIBODIES (IgG) or fragments of the complement (C3b) that cover the pathogen and increase its "Visibility" for phagocytes. ### Step 3: **Ingestion** - **Description**: - The plasma membrane of the phagocytic cell extends around the pathogen, enclosing it and forming a vesicle called *phagosome*. This process is called invagination.. - El phagosome es una estructura interna que contiene el patógeno encerrado dentro de la célula fagocítica. ### Step 4: **Phagolysosome Formation** - **Description**: - El phagosome se fusiona con un lisosoma, a gallbladder rich in digestive enzymes (proteases, lipases, nucleasas) and reactive molecules such as hydrogen peroxide. - This fusion forms a new structure called *phagolysosome*. ### Step 5: **Degradation and Digestion** - **Description**: - Dentro del phagolysosome, lysosomal enzymes and reactive oxygen species (ros) attack and break down the pathogen into its basic components. - This process destroys the microorganism and converts it into smaller fragments that can be easily digested.

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Aug 17, 2024

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